Technology Is Solving So Many Of Our First World Problems

We live in a world where technology is solving so many of our first-world problems. While we have all these solutions, there are examples of when the old way was very helpful. For instance, a few months ago, I left my cellphone and keys in a building that I had just completed cleaning. It was late in the day and I had no access to either email or my contacts. Here’s the clincher†¦I also had not memorized my boyfriend’s phone number. That seems ridiculous, but I had never needed to actually know the number before that. I would simply find him in my contacts and call. 10 years ago, I knew everyone’s phone number by heart. I would dial it a couple of times and then never forget it. But, here I was, stuck in a parking lot with no phone numbers. I ended up borrowing someone’s phone to get on my Facebook account and messaging a friend to have my boyfriend call me. It was a chaotic and stressful evening and one I never want to repeat. This is an example of a skill I have lost- remembering phone numbers. If you had the opportunity to teach 5 skills to the youth of today, what would you show them? There’s a chance that one or more skills that are slowly disappearing are still needed every so often. I’ve chosen 5 things below that I am happy to have learned and would love to pass on. 1. How to build a fire- Even if you never have to build your own fire, the value of having a general understanding of the best way to place the tinder and arrange the branches could be priceless inShow MoreRelatedImpact Of Technology On The Health Of People Across The Globe1664 Words   |  7 PagesTechnology has been advancing ever since mankind discovered how to make fire. We have continuously built upon each new technology developed, which has led to the dominance of our species across the globe. We are one of the few species that have the ability to produce and use tools. Technology has been continuously improving our standard of living but have the advancements gone too far? Modern technology has begun to consume our lives instead of enhancing our lives, and this has had more consequencesRead MoreWhat Is Wrong With Technology?1573 Words   |  7 PagesGuomin Zou Prof. Coleman Sociology 001 Mar. 3, 2015 What Is Wrong with Technology? â€Å"Up to 90% of young adults in major East Asian countries, including China, Taiwan, Japan, Singapore and South Korea, are nearsighted† (Park par. 3). The main reason that causes this phenomenon is that the East Asian students are overusing technology such as smart phones, Ipads, and computers. These technologies devices are the friends that they spend most time with. Playing video games and watching TV for overRead MoreAs everyone grows up, everyone has to take a Math class from Kindergarten to twelfth grade. At the800 Words   |  4 Pagestwelfth grade. At the early stage of math classes, most of the problems were solved by using pencil and paper. Eventually, calculators took over the method of using pencil and paper. Calculators were first made in 1642 by a French mathematician, Blaise Pascal. According to the article, â€Å"Who Made the First Calculator,† calculators were created for the usage of helping a person add and subtract numbers without using their han ds (â€Å"Who made the first calculator†). However, they were not introduced into classroomsRead MoreThe Effects Of Computers On Students Academic Growth1437 Words   |  6 Pagesindispensable in every day life. Because of the pervasiveness of technology throughout society, one question must be answered. Is the widespread existence of technology harming students? Are the multitudes of devices found in every aspect of our culture a tool that can help students in their pursuit of an education, or are they supplanting the need for students to use problem solving strategies? This discussion, which has been raging since the first computer appeared in a school building, becomes even moreRead MoreWhy Is Google A Important?1145 Words   |  5 PagesRequirement 1 The first role at Google I will be examining is that of Product Management. The three most critical technical skills I believe are needed to successfully do this job are engineering skills, problem solving and technology skills, and data collection skills. Engineering skills are pertinent to this role so that one can be innovative and create Google’s next big thing. Google is known for having the most creative and new ideas out there. One also needs to be able to work with engineersRead MoreEssay Modern education1396 Words   |  6 Pages During the past few decades we have seen a shift from Industrial work to Information technology work. Recently our country has just recovered from an economic depression. 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In theRead More The Pros and Cons of Technology Essay1525 Words   |  7 PagesCons of Technology As far back as I can remember my family and I have taken advantage of technology. The types of technology have changed over the years, along with our usage and dependence on it. Technology is a fundamental part of our lifestyle, including both work and play. What is interesting is that we also have many friends who use very little technology in their day-to-day living. This drastic difference makes one wonder how necessary the technology really is, and whether or not our dependenceRead MoreInterview With Leapfrog Technology Inc.1267 Words   |  6 PagesInterview with Leapfrog Technology Inc. CEO Chris Sprague Chris Sprague is the CEO of Leapfrog Technology Inc., a software company working on software development. Headquartered in Seattle, USA, the development center of the company is located in Kathmandu. Sprague did undergraduate degree from Stanford University in Human Computer Interactions (HCI) and Computer Science, and later joined Masters studies at Georgia Institute of Technology. He then worked for Oracle and other Silicon Valley startupsRead MoreScience Is The Pursuit And Application Of Knowledge Essay1158 Words   |  5 Pagesit interrelated you must first understand the definition and function of each. The board spectrum of interdisciplinary disciples pertaining to Science, Math, Technology and Engineering provide a broad spectrum of knowledge and opportunity for segregated sectors of discovery and interpretation. Each spectrum offers and promotes different methodology and ideology yet work together. Educators and researchers use crossed disciplinary approaches to satisfy the needs of our societal demands in this

Case Study 1 for aP Essay - 713 Words

Case Study 1 1. Briefly describe the three major layers of skin that make up healthy skin The three layers that make up healthy skin: Epidermis, Dermis and Hypodermis. Epidermis is composed of keratinized, stratified squamous epithelium. This layer provides a thick, water proof protective covering over the underlying skins. The dermis layer is composed of primarily of dense, irregular, fibrous connective tissue that is rich in collagen and elastin. The dermis contains blood vessels, nerve ending, and epidermally derived cutaneous oranges such as sweat glands, sebaceous glands and hair follicles. The last layer is Hypodermis this layer is composed primarily of loose dead skin. The fat layer provides cushioning and insulation for†¦show more content†¦Do bacteria normally colonize healthy skin? Due to the skin being burned so badly and it being open to all kinds of bacteria forming a broad spectrum should take care of any infection she may get. She would get them topical and IV to make sure she was protected both ways. 7. Why was skin-grafting necessary in this patient? (why not just let the skin heal on its own) Due to the skin being severely damages it’s going to take a long time to heal. The skin graft will help prevent infection and speed up the healing process. 8. Describe the series of events that occur in skin, which is healing with the help of a skin graft? The skin will have to first have all of the dead and burned skin removed and topical antibiotics will be placed on to prevent infection then the graft will be placed over the skin to reduce the infection and shock risks and the skin will slowly start healing on its own. 9. Why are bedridden patients at risk for developing decubitus ulcers? Due to the patient being bedridden and immobile they often lie in the same position for long periods of time without being moved and the pressure on the skin can cause a sore and infection. If left untreated can cause serious problems and may result in surgery. 10. Why did the patient lose so much weight despite being on a very high-calorie diet? Do to the major trauma her body needs the calories to try and keep up with the functions to help her bodyShow MoreRelatedZeus Asset Management1377 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction  §Ã¯â€š §Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Two common ways to measure average portfolio return: 1.†¯ Time-weighted returns 2.†¯ Dollar-weighted returns  §Ã¯â€š §Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Returns must be adjusted for risk. AFF5300 Case Studies in Finance 4 Dollar- and Time-Weighted Returns Time-weighted returns  §Ã¯â€š §Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ The geometric average is a time-weighted average.  §Ã¯â€š §Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Each period’s return has equal weight. 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Organizational Citizenship Behavior

Question: Describe the literature review on the Dimensions and Antecedents of Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB)? Answer: Introduction This paper described the literature review on Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB). The main aim of this paper is to evaluate the relevant information about the organization behavior. This research is able to collect relevant information and data in the perspective of dimension of organization behavior. Indeed, organizational citizenship behavior is the term that compilation of individual behavior in a team setting. In the other words, Organizational citizenship behavior is attached to employee effectiveness, work productivity and other elements that can affect a business in the short term and long term basis. The main objective of OCB is to protect firm against undesirable behaviors that prevent the firms abilities, healthy operations and improve incumbents. (Zellars, Tepper Duffy 2002) Altruism, courtesy, sportsmanship, conscientiousness and civic virtue are the various types of organizational citizenship behavior. Indeed, literature review is known as scholarly paper that in cludes the current knowledge such as theoretical and methodological contribution as well as substantive finding to a specific topic. Literature review is a depth evaluation of past research and it is a summary and synopsis of specific field of research, allowing everybody to read the paper that why you are doing this specific research program. (Dawidowicz 2010) This chapter enables to evaluate the significance of brand image of organization employees. Through the support of literature review in depth understanding of the organizational citizenship behavior concept is developed that supports to increase research validity and credibility to fulfill research objective. Historical background concept of OCB Dennis Organ was the father of OCB. Organ elaborated from Katzs original work. OCB has been studies from late 1970s. In the 1988, organization citizenship behavior was first defined by Dennis Organ as individual behavior that is no rewarded by normal reward method. The concept of OCB developed by Dennis Organs into explanations for the clear non-relationship between job performance and job satisfaction. OCB was selected as alternative form of performance; create difference from past performance on the portion of its situational and ability restriction. The upper boundary of task performance is limited by people knowledge, ability and skills while lower boundary of performance is limited by threat of losing job. It means the single performing job doesnt have a great deal of room to differ in performance based on their appeasement. (Borman Motowidlo 2014) Nowadays, OCB is conceptualized as substitutable with the concept of useful performance, defined as performance that helps the social and psychological atmosphere in that task performance takes place. In spite of this, it reflects the complex nature of workers roles in the modern acknowledges and workplace that employees do get rewarded for securing in OCB. OCB covers organizational concerned a ct as working overtime without taking any remuneration. OCB is offering support to a newcomer in the office who is struggling with deadline and change shifts. Finally, OCB must promote the functioning of the firm. In addition, Brief and Motowidlo is closely concerned with concept of organization behavior. This behavior defined as performed by a team of the firm. Directed towards team or firm with who communicate while carrying out self firms role. Performed with the force of promoting the welfare of team or firm toward which it is directed. OBC provides warranty on discussion because of the present versus past viewpoint. The present view focuses on the general citizenship that affect the OCB while past view focuses voluntary behavior gained attention from political science. (Bonaparte 2008) Dimension of OCB In the regard of business, the five behaviors will lead to productivity and effective work. However, psychologists realize dozen of positive organization citizenship behavior. The five major behaviors as determined by Organs are altruism, courtesy, sportsmanship, conscientiousness and civic virtue that are described below: Altruism: Altruism means desire to help or otherwise help another individual and not expecting any benefit for help. For example: drives a neighbor to work when their car broken down but it is not expecting any money in compensation. It is raise the productivity and effectiveness because it forces inter-employee relations. It can decrease the stress from organization employees those are overwhelmed without a little bit of support that will move in raise productivity. (Mayfield 2008) Courtesy: Courtesy means behavior that is polite and considerate towards other person. Sportsmanship means no negative behavior when person doesnt go with proper plan. It is about inquiring about personal topic that colleague has brought up. Colleague is facing any trouble with related project. Then, they should reduce their workload or absent from work. (Solan 2008) Courtesy not only promote social communication between employees that improve the work atmosphere, but also they can decrease any potential stress that happen from staff who dont have courtesy to announce their colleague about matter such as absent from work. This dimension helps to improve human behavior through adopt politeness in nature. If staff will be polite and humble then organization conflict will be reduce and organization will grow day to day. Sportsmanship: This dimension evaluates discretionary behavior that shows the willingness of staff to attitude less than ideal condition without extra charges. it is not presenting negative behavior when doesnt go planned. It is linked with sports and game. For example: a staff who submit their proposal to their senior, but they rejected them. Instead the staff shows good sportsmanship through not complaining about the condition to other colleague who reports their behavior to other working for the business. Conscientiousness: This dimensions of discretionary that outside the lower limit function requirement of the firm. Conscientiousness means behavior that advice a reasonable level of discipline that expands beyond the minimum requirement in that condition. (Solan 2008) It provides suggestion to their colleague and subordinates. So, it is helpful in organization success. Civic virtue: This dimension shows the staff participates with full responsibility. Staffs are willing to work with company in any kind of environment that provided by company management. Staff contributes in the companys growth and development so we cant ignore them. This dimension determines the staff value in the organization and how to motivate them. Civic virtue means a behavior that shows how a person represents an organization with they are attached and how person supports their firms outside official potential. It is speaking positively about the business to friends, family and events such as charity. (Mayfield 2008) Antecedents of OCB OCB is good for every firm. It is significant to consider the elements that affect engagement in OCB in the job. The antecedents of OCB have been categorized into three fields such as personality/traits, leadership/group elements and attitudinal. The shape of personality on tendency to present OCB is minimum. (Somech Oplatka 2014) Although, it does not mean that employee will be decreased towards engaging in OCB as compare to others. Rest two kinds of categories are more promising in that attitude concern. Personality: The big five personality traits such as conscientiousness, neuroticism, extraversion and agreeableness are connected with OCB. If personality will be not good then it will harm the organizational behavior. (Solan 2008) However, personality improves the organization behavior. A trait helps to organizational growth and success. Personality indicates the individual character of the organization related people. Attitude: The traditional evaluations used as valid forecaster of OCB that includes job satisfaction, organizational commitment, motivation, employee engagement and level of trust between staff and their colleague. In the term of umbrella attitude has been coined to cover perceived fairness, leader consideration, job satisfaction and affective commitment. Further, individual disposition, fairness perception, motivational factors and role perception are the job-related constructs that will affect OCB. (Somech Oplatka 2014) Attitude represent the organizational behavior, if attitude will be complicated then it will bad impact on organization culture. Organization culture affects the organization workplace that raises their sales volume and profit margin. However, attitude represents the human behavior that can be positive or negative. Leadership factors: Leadership model can motive OCB in several ways if spread effectively. Leadership plays a significant role in the OCB Antecedents. If leadership will be good in the organization then it will help in the organization growth and development that affect organization behavior. However, leadership is the symbol of organization behavior and success. Leadership model can be different as per organization needs or desires. If leadership factors are appropriate then it would be helpful to organization growth and development. (Solan 2008) Conclusion From the above discussion, it can be concluded that organizational citizenship and job satisfaction are multidimensional. A staff may be satisfied with features of job satisfaction and may not be satisfied. An individual can present the organizational citizenship such as altruism and they should avoid sportsmanship. The main purpose is to identify the impacts of features of job satisfaction on each dimension of organization behavior. Finally, it can be concluded that staffs are satisfaction forecast each dimension of OCB. Further, the limitation of this paper is to comprised of a team of organizations. Second limitation is to the low reliabilities for various dimensions such as courtesy that turned out from little number of items. In spite of some limitation, it helps to increase the organization growth and development. References Bonaparte, W, 2008, The Impact of Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Organizational Commitment on Organizational Performance, ProQuest, Michigan. Borman, WC, Motowidlo, SJ, 2014, Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Contextual Performance: A Special Issue of Human Performance, Psychology Press, New York. Dalal, RS, 2005, A meta-analysis of the relationship between organizational citizenship behavior and counterproductive work behavior, Journal of applied psychology, 90(6), 1241. Dawidowicz, P, 2010, Literature Reviews Made Easy: A Quick Guide to Success, IAP, New Delhi. Foote, DA, Li-Ping Tang, T, 2008, Job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) Does team commitment make a difference in self-directed teams? Management Decision, 46(6), 933-947. Mayfield, CO, 2008, The Effects of Self-concept and Organizational Identification on Organizational Citizenship Behavior, ProQuest, Michigan. Schwab, C, 2012, Literature Review of Horizontal Collaboration in the Maritime Industry: Ports and Terminals: A critical literature review, GRIN Verlag, Munich. Solan, AM, 2008, The Relationships Between Emotional Intelligence, Visionary Leadership, and Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Continuing Higher Education, ProQuest, Michigan. Somech, A Oplatka, I, 2014, Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Schools: Examining the impact and opportunities within educational systems, Routledge, New York. Zellars, KL, Tepper, BJ, Duffy, MK, 2002, Abusive supervision and subordinates' organizational citizenship behavior, Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(6), 1068.

The Great Depression Essay Example

The Great Depression Paper The Great Depression: The Extensive Effects The 1920s was a time of roaring prosperity. Even mid-October of 1929, the average middle-class American saw an â€Å"illimitable vista of prosperity† (Dixon 1). The thought of poverty was close to an end; in 1928, President Herbert Hoover stated, â€Å"We have not yet reached the goal, but given a chance to go forward with the policies of the last eight years, and we shall soon with the help of God be within sight of the day when poverty will be banished from the nation† (Dixon 1). The prescience of the end of poverty became known as the American Dream; however, this foresight was shortly lived. On Tuesday, March 26, 1929, the Hoover Administration saw the largest stock market crash of their administration to that date. Several months later brought Black Monday, the largest stock market crash in American history and the cardinal cause of the Great Depression. The Great Depression is one of the single most important events in the financial history of the United States and the world; the effects of and leading to the Great Depression lasted for several years. The Great Depression was an economic deficit with worldwide effects that began with the stock market crash of October 1929; the most profound effect of the Great Depression was the highest rate of unemployment in American history: banks, factories, and stores closed, leaving millions of Americans jobless with no money. We will write a custom essay sample on The Great Depression specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Great Depression specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Great Depression specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Without money, many Americans had to rely on either the government or donations from charities to be obtain food; as the depression continued, however, the Roosevelt administration created government agencies to aid in supplying Americans with food, relieving the effects of the Great Depression, preventing a catastrophic event like it from occurring again (Great Depression). The group of people most affected by the Great Depression and the events it instigated were the American stockholders; thousands of stockholders lost large sums of money due to the rapid decrease of stock values caused by the crash of Black Monday. Although this was a huge loss, predicting it was impossible; from 1925 to 1929, the average stock price of a common stock on the New York Stock Exchange more than doubled, causing many people to make large investments in the stock market in hope of making large profits. Even people who had no prior knowledge of the stock market or how it worked attempted to invest in anticipation of profits. Economists, such as Irving Fisher, assured stockholders that they were â€Å"dwelling on a permanently high plateau of prosperity (Dixon 1)†. This, along with the assurance of many other reporters and professionals, cause the popularity of being a stockholder to skyrocket: in 1920, there were only 29,609 stockholders; a mere ten years later, there were 70,950. Stockholders’ ignorance of how the stock market worked soon turned against the thousands of investors in America and spread throughout the rest of the United States, halting economic flow (Dixon 2). The Depression had a remarkable effect on the United States; however, the United States was not the only place to feel the consequences of the Great Depression: Canada was also profoundly affected (The Global Effects of the Great Depression 1). Previously, Canada’s economy relied on the export of grain and other raw materials. The people who exported these goods suffered huge losses after other countries increased tariffs on imported products. Following the closing of many Canadian companies, the unemployment rate in Canada rose from three percent in 1929 to twenty-three percent in 1933 (Great Depression). Other governments were affected by the Depression as well. As the Depression was at its zenith in 1933, the only country hit as hard as the United States was Germany (Garraty 182). Approximately six million individuals in Germany were left unemployed. Many aspects of German life led to these despondent times. Most prominent were the reparations Germany was still paying from World War I. Chaos arose in Germany after the war, causing hyperinflation in 1923; Germany was just recovering when the stock market crash hit (Effects on Germany 1). Another factor in the economic downturn was the German government. Germany suffered a series of poor leaders; the chancellors of 1932, as Herbert Hoover said, were unable to deal with the effects of the deepening Depression. On January 30, 1933, Adolf Hitler became the chancellor of Germany (Garraty 183). The leadership of Hitler, one of the key figures in the relief of the Great Depression both in Germany and worldwide, marked the foundation of the collapse of the Great Depression. The actions beginning in 1933 aimed at relieving the Great Depression in the United States and Germany had a major influence on other nations, particularly Great Britain (Garraty 214). Great Britain, unlike the United States, had a moribund economy prior to the stock market crash of October 1929 (Smitha 27); however, the British economy did not suffer a morbid crash, as did the economies of the United States and Germany (Effects on the United Kingdom 1). Britain did, however, suffer declines in both imports and exports during the Depression. In comparison to other thriving nations during the time of the Great Depression, the United Kingdom remained in a fairly stable economic condition (Effects on the United Kingdom 2). Unlike Great Britain, the Great Depression hit many other countries in Europe immeasurably. One of these unlucky countries was France, the last major nation of at that point in time to feel the effects of the Great Depression; the reason for the delayed impact on France was the undervaluation of the French Franc (Effects on France 1). France, as Great Britain, was impacted by the efforts of the United States to relieve the Depression (Garraty 214). Finally, in 1932, the Depression brutally found its way to France: the number of tourists dropped and exports of perfume fell, as did those of wine, food, and other items (Smitha 23). Even though the Depression hit France late, it came violently. Unemployment rose fifteen percent and industrial production dropped twenty-five percent from their levels in 1929. In hope of a change, Andre Tardieu was elected to run a new French government in 1932; he gained his popularity by aiming his campaign towards the threat of communism (Smitha 24). Like many other countries, France eventually overcame the Depression through involvement in World War II, which created jobs and caused money to begin circulating once again. The Great Depression also hit Italy, with its highly regarded corporate-fascist government led by Mussolini. The public saw the erratic policy changes Mussolini made as genius; however, these changes did not benefit the economy. Even though Italy’s contribution to world manufacturing was down almost three percent, it rose from the depression in 1934 (Smitha 26). The United States, like all countries, eventually emerged from the deficits of the Great Depression. At the forefront of this recovery was World War II: it increased manufacturing and created millions of jobs. In addition, aiding in the recovery were government agencies, such as the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA); the TVA was created in May 1933 to supervise the development of a 640,000 square mile area in the Tennessee Valley (Smitha 36). The Tennessee Valley was a region in which sharecroppers and farmers were malnourished and soils were useless for growing agricultural products. The TVA planned to help this region and restore a large amount of agricultural production to the United States (Smitha 36). Although there were many other agencies, such as the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), the Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA), and the Public Works Administration (WPA), most of them followed in the footsteps of the TVA: they were aimed at creating jobs while simultaneously either beautifying the United States or boosting the economy (Great Depression). The Great Depression heavily affected the United States and the world as a whole for several years. The Depression has taught governments around the world how to deal with economic problems in hope that it will not happen again. As Wecter Dixon stated, the stock market could be very profitable: If a man saves $15 a week, and invests in good common stocks, and allows the dividends and rights to accumulate, at the end of twenty years he will have at least $80,000 and an income from investments of around $400 a month. He will be rich. And because income can do that, I am firm in my belief that anyone can not only be rich, but ought to be rich (4). However, the stock market crash of October 1929 and the ensuing depression alerted stockholders to how volatile being involved in the stock market without knowledge could be. Even in the current recession, many world leaders are influenced by measures taken to end the Great Depression to revive economic conditions. Due to its tremendous effects in the United States and throughout the world, the Great Depression is known in history as a narrow escape from the downfall of the world economy. Hopefully, one day the world economy will be as rich and prosperous as the roaring 1920s, and America and the rest of the orld will be chasing the â€Å"American Dream† once again, barring another unforeseen event such as the Great Depression. Works Cited Dixon, Wecter. The Age of the Great Depression, 1929-1941. New York: Macmillian, 1952. Effects on France. 12 April 2009 http://www. thegreatdepression. co. uk/effects-on-france/. Effects on Germany. 12 April 2009 http://www. thegreatdepressi on. co. uk/effects-on-germany/. Effects on the United Kingdom. 12 April 2009 http://www. thegreatdepression. co. uk/effects-on-the- united-kingdom/. Garraty, John A. The Great Depression: An Inquiry into the Cause, Course, and Consequences of the Ninteen-Thirties as Seen by Contemporaries and in the Light of History. 1st Edition. Orlando: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Publishers, 1986. Great Depression. World Book Encyclopedia 2001: 338-43. Smitha, Frank E. The Great Depression, to 1935. 1998-2005. 11 April 2009 http://www. fsmitha. com/h2/ch15wd. html. The Global Effects of the Great Depression. 20 March 2008. 11 April 2009 http://recessionhistory. info/the-global-effects-of-the-great-depression/. the great depression Essay Example the great depression Paper The Great Depression ushered America into an era of social consciousness and liberal reform. In the decade of the 1930s, under Franklin Roosevelts New Deal, writers, artists, photographers, musicians, and performers were marshaled to create works which documented American life, sponsored by government programs such as the F.S.A. (Farm Security Administration) or the W.P.A. (Work Projects Administration). The Great Depression, in itself, had been a rude awakening from the escapism of the Roaring Twenties, so it was not surprising that realism would become the preferred style for creative artists. And what more realistic genre than the photograph? The 1930s and 1940s saw a golden age in photojournalism in America in which photographers such as Ben Shahn, Arthur Rothstein, Dorothea Lange, Margaret Bourke-White created visual corollaries to the writings of Erskine Caldwell (TOBACCO ROAD), John Steinbeck (THE GRAPES OF WRATH), and Archibald MacLeish (LAND OF THE FREE). Another highly resp ected photographer who had already been exhibited at the Museum of Modern Art in New York before he joined the F.S.A. was Walker Evans, whose master images have been preserved in two published volumes. Born in St. Louis, Missouri, November 3, 1903, Walker Evans graduated from the elite Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts, and studied at both Williams College and the Sorbonne before he began taking photographs in New York City. Walker Evans had a great affect on the society during the times of the depression. Evans was not one of those artists who was known for one particular work, he did many series which portrayed ideas and events and epochs in the American culture. Walker Evans is credited with creating a vision of life in the 1930s, as Americans would wish to see themselves: dignified and indomitable, even in the face of poverty and despair. He was a documentary photography pioneer whose portraits of the common man have earned him c

Information System Used by Market Essay Sample free essay sample

Section AMarkets and authoritiess have complementary functions in industrialisation. Markets are covering with the turning economic sciences complexness that came with industrialisation. Then. authoritiess have to find the types of economic system. a ) Identify the type of economic science system and explicate the economic features of each. Economic systems are usually distinguished by the extent of authorities engagement in resource allotment and goods production. There are three major types of economic systems such as free-market economic system. command economic system. and assorted economic system. Many states have a assorted economic system to some extent. intending they combine facets of market and planned systems. However. the general tendency of economic policy can frequently let for classification into one of the other three systems. Free-market economic system A market economic system is closely related to capitalist economy and free endeavor. The demand for goods defines what is produced. and most concerns are in private owned. We will write a custom essay sample on Information System Used by Market Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Those persons and houses pursue their ain opportunism without any cardinal way and ordinances. They are all motivated by net income. where the purchasers and Sellerss are entirely responsible for the picks they make. In add-on. free-market gives the absolute power to monetary values to find the allotment and distribution of goods and services. These monetary values. in bend. are fixed by the forces of supply and demand of a several trade good. Merely people with sufficient control over resources. and wealth. in peculiar have the privilege to buy goods and services. frequently priced really extremely in a free-market economic system. The monetary values. which are the lone allocating and administering factor in this economic system. place the hapless in an awkward state of affairs who are bit by bit thrown out of the system without any entree to wealth and the basic demands of subsistence. Furthermore. if the demand is short of the supply of a several trade good. the monetary value will fall every bit opposed to a monetary value rise when the supply is unequal to run into the turning demand of a good or service. The function of the authorities of state is merely limited to commanding the jurisprudence and order of a state and to guarantee that a ‘fair price’ is charged by the Sellerss. Therefore. it means that. authorities holding no function in administrating the monetary value of a trade good. has to see that the monetary values taken by the Sellerss is true and commensurate with the monetary value determined by the forces of demand and supply. Command economic system Command economic system is besides called every bit planned economic system. It is an economic system in which a cardinal authorities be aftering either straight and indirectly sets end product marks. incomes and monetary values. Government owns most concern. decides on the monetary value of goods and how trade goods are distributed. For this type of economic system. the basic economic inquiry will be solved by the authorities. Rather than giving persons the opportunity to make up ones mind what they want or need. the authorities decides these inquiries for the state. It is rather hard for the person because it is impossible for them to cognize precisely what the best is for those citizens. Fortunes. wagess. rewards and other pecuniary benefits like fillip are distributed on the footing of the joint rendition of services. This is how command economic system really eradicates the profit-making at single degrees. It doesn’t aid with their workers’ motive because everyone is given the same sum of goods and the same criterion of life. For illustration. a difficult working citizen will non acquire any benefits from work because they can non increase their criterion of life any greater than it presently is and they will do merely every bit much as a individual who exerts little or no attempt. Command economic system is merely opposite to the construct of free-market economic system. with regard to the basic money-making attacks. While market economic system tends to multiply the wealth of a state through the gradual procedure of development. command economic system system prefers deliberate planning of the full money-making procedure for the better consequences. Actually. such sincere economic planning in the long tally proves good to better the economic conditions of a state. Assorted economic systemThere are both public and private sectors working together in manus to guarantee the economic growing of the economic system. The market determines the monetary value and allotment of resources in some sectors of the economic system and the authorities does in others. Neither the market nor the authorities wholly controls the economic system. Many states have a assorted economic system to some grade. For illustration. China allows private ownership of concerns although it controls production and pricing. The United States authorities interferes with a strictly free market by mandating minimal rewards and plans such as societal security. To some grade. therefore. both China and the United States are assorted economic systems. A assorted economic system is an economic system that answers the three inquiries both in the market place and in the authorities. Those inquiries are: what will be produced with our resources? How will these goods be produced? And. for whom will we bring forth these goods? Although the United States authorities plays a function in our economic system. a assorted economic system normally involves manufacturers working closer with the authorities than they do in the United States so the US economic system is still a market economic system. The economic system a state has is based on what is best for the state. Government play an of import function in this economic system such as minimizes the market inefficiencies. supply the public goods. cut down the spread between the hapless and rich. and besides promote low degrees of unemployment and rising prices. The authorities will seek to cut down the income inequality by enforcing revenue enhancements where higher income earner is taxed more than the lower income earner. B ) Discuss the costs and benefits if a state moves from bid economic system towards a free-market economic system. In a bid economic system. the cardinal authorities regulates assorted factors of production. In fact. the authorities is the concluding authorization to take determinations sing production. use of the finished industrial merchandises and the allotment of the grosss earned from their distribution. Besides. the basic economic jobs will be solved by the authorities. The spread between the rich and the hapless is little. In this economic system. consumers have no pick but have to accept all the determination made by the authorities. The term free market economic system means a system where the purchasers and Sellerss are entirely responsible for the picks they make. In a manner. free market gives the absolute power to monetary values to find the allotment and distribution of goods and services. Besides. consumers are the 1s who would find and act upon the types and measure of good and services to be produced. In free-market economic system. monetary value mechanisms will reply all the demand and supply inquiries. In instances of demand falling short of the supply of a several trade good. the monetary value will fall every bit opposed to a monetary value rise when the supply is scarce to run into the turning demand of a good or service. Free market economic system is besides characterized by free trade without any duties or subsidies imposed by the authorities. If a state moves from bid economic system towards a free-market economic system. there will be some alterations in the economic system. Let’s us discuss the costs and benefits if a state moves from bid economic system towards a free-market economic system. First. there is more freedom in free-market economic system due to miss of authorities engagement in this economic system. Hence. purchasers are free to buy any trade good which they like and in whatever sums. The marketer or the manufacturer of a good can besides bring forth whichever merchandise they want to. Besides. the manufacturers can increase the capacity of any single trade good depend on the forces of the market. Manufacturers are free to set about the hazards and wagess associated with addition in production. There is no province intervention in the operation of the forces of the market. Following. houses will ever be looking to bring forth something new to acquire in front of their rivals. Even though the function of authorities is limited in free-market economic system. one of its occupations is to protect belongings rights. This will include rational belongings rights through patents. Hence. there are inducements in the free market system for houses to be advanced and bring forth better quality merchandises. Obviously there is no inducement for the bid market to be advanced. Equally long as they produce the necessities. the bid market will be happy. In free-market economic system. houses will bring forth whatever consumers are prepared to purchase. Consumer demands are extremely satisfied due to extremely react to consumer demand. The consumer is sovereign in the economic system. Besides. due to the free endeavor factor. there are no limitations on what the houses can bring forth. Therefore. there will be a much larger pick of goods and services in a free market e conomic system compared with a bid economic system. The bid economic system will be more concerned with doing certain there are adequate indispensable goods to travel around instead than apportioning resources expeditiously between all goods. A disadvantage of a market economic system is that sometimes some of the flow-on effects of profit-seeking economic activity can be harmful to other persons or groups. In a slackly regulated market economic system what may be good or profitable for an person. company or group of companies may non be good for many others. For illustration. it can be dearly-won for a manufacturer to minimise the negative environmental effects of his activities. If these negative effects do non instantly affect net incomes and there is no regulative demand to minimise them. so there is no inducement to implement them. Free market economic systems. although have been successful in developed economic systems. will non be so in developing states and the lone resort for them is the theoretical account of the assorted economic system or societal market economic system. The welfare function of the province is retained in a societal market economic system which cares for the hapless. In instances where the hapless states are endeavoring towards a free market economic system. there should be certain sections controlled by the province but with prevalence of free endeavor such that efficiency is restored and the state moves towards economic prosperity. Thus. free market economic system under centralised political control is the most effectual manner for these states. Apart from that. environment and societal ends may be ignored in free-market economic system as compared to command economic system. As we see. command economic system emphasizes more on corporate benefits. instead than the demands of a individual person. Under such fortunes. wagess. rewards and other pecuniary benefits like fillip are distributed on the footing of the joint rendition of services. This is the manner bid economic system really eradicates the profit-making at single degrees. Command economic system is merely opposite to the construct of market economic system. with regard to the basic money-making attacks. While market economic system tends to multiply the wealth of a state through the gradual procedure of development. command economic system prefers deliberate planning of the full money-making procedure for better consequences. In fact. such sincere economic planning in the long tally proves good to better the economic conditions of a state. degree Celsius ) What economics jobs do you believe might originate if all goods and services were provided free to consumers by the province or authorities? Justify your reply. If all goods and services were provided free to consumers by the province or authorities. so citizens do non necessitate to work and they will non desire to work any longer. Citizens no demand to work because there is nil to sell and nil to purchase as goods and services were provided free. In this instance. they will all remain at place and waiting for the free gifts. Hence. this will do unemployment in some market. Since those citizens do non desire to work. the company they worked for will diminish in productiveness. Although goods and services were provided free. some markets still have to bring forth goods so that there are goods to supply for the citizens. Therefore. the market still needs employees in their houses. Next. if there is nil for the citizens to work and make. so the family will non gain income. It is because citizens did non supply the factors of production for the houses which enable them to bring forth the goods and services. Then. state will non acquire income due to no revenue enhancement from the citizens. This is because citizens do non desire to work and they get no income. so there is no revenue enhancements pay on income. Besides. the round flow of income and end product will interrupt excessively. Household is non spending and there is no gross for the houses ; families do non sell factors of production as they accept anything produced by the houses as goods and services are all free. Hence. the round flow of income and end product will wholly interrupt. Apart from that. some companies can non run as citizens do non work and wait for free gifts. As the companies can non run. the state will hold no income. Then state will hold to borrow money from other states to bring fort h these free goods and services. Therefore. the state stop up become broke. Besides. devaluation of currency will happen and the state will stop up being like Indonesia. Devaluation of currency is a deliberate downward accommodation to a country’s official exchange rate relation to other currencies. Devaluation makes the domestic currency cheaper relation to other currencies. There are two deductions of devaluation. First. devaluation makes the country’s exports comparatively less expensive for aliens. Second. the devaluation makes foreign merchandises comparatively more expensive for domestic consumers. therefore detering imports. If the state increases the monetary value of imports and exciting greater demand for domestic merchandises. devaluation may worsen rising prices. Besides. the creditworthiness of the state may be jeopardized. The country’s ability to procure foreign investing may be affected excessively. Furthermore. if goods and services were provided free to citizens. they will demand more goods as all goods are free. If dem and more than supply. rising prices will happen. This is because the authorities needs to publish more money paper to purchase merchandises to supply to the citizens. Citizens get things for free and they no demand to work. so the state will non hold any exports due to no productiveness in the state. If rising prices occurs. ingestion ratio will increase at early phases of rising prices. Peoples will be devouring more because money is more abundant and its value is non lowered yet. Besides. monetary values of imports will lift if the currency is debased. so its buying power in the international market is lower. When there is a high rising prices. salvaging money would intend watching your hard currency lessening in value twenty-four hours after twenty-four hours. so people tend to pass the hard currency on something else. Thus. stop up lowers national economy. In decision. all the above are the economic jobs that I think might originate if all goods and services were provided free to consumers by the province or authorities. Section BAnalyze the economic costs and benefits of the debut of a minimal pay in a competitory house. Figure 1. 0 Minimal pay of the labour marketMinimal pay statute law is one of the great civil wrongs perpetrated against the low-skilled who need the chances which middle-class workers. future professionals and the freelance can lawfully take for granted. What the lower limit pay jurisprudence does to the hapless is to deny to them the same freely chosen chances others follow for their ain wellbeing. Figure 1. 0 illustrates the minimal pay of the labour market. Next. lets us see the economic costs and benefits of the debut of a minimal pay in a competitory house. First. a minimal pay gives an unemployed individual inducement to take a occupation because he knows what his minimal wage will be. An unemployed individual can compare the money he gets from public aid and compare it to the minimal pay to find the fiscal inducement to taking a occupation. Besides. the debut of minimal pay will assist to cut down revenue enhancement load. For case. a individual doing at least minimal pay is non utilizing as many public services as person on unemployment. An unemployed worker is given public assistance. rent aid and nutrient casts in many provinces. With minimal pay. the demand for public aid is lowered and this reduces the revenue enhancement load on the community and the province. Without a minimal pay. it can be tough for little concern to make their concern budget. Therefore with a minimal pay in topographic point. a little concern proprietor knows what he will be expected to pay per hr and he can make new occupations with his company based on this budgeting information. However. the debut of minimal pay will diminish the efficiency. For case. when a authorities fixes a minimal pay for all the workers. so that sum is frequently considered to be the maximal by the enterprisers. If a worker is really efficient. he will non be paid higher rewards than fixed by authorities. It will therefore ensue in controling the inducement of the workers and thereby diminishing his efficiency. When lower limit pay is introduced. trouble may originate in enforcement. If a minimal pay is fixed. so troubles may originate in its enforcement. If the labour is unemployed. they may hold to work at a pay lower than that fixed by the authorities. Furthermore. minimal pay will do disorganisations in concern. If a minimal pay is fixed in sweated trades merely and non on the national graduated table. so there will be flight of capital from the former to the subsequently. This will do disorganisation in the whole concern. Another great drawback of repairing the lower limit pay is that it can be given to cut down the sum of employment in a state. Hence. unemployment will happen in the state. When minimal pay is fixed. the employers try to increase the monetary values of the trade goods in order to cover their increased labour costs. If the demand for the trade goods whose monetary value is raised is elastic. so the entire measure demanded will fall. When the trade goods are non disposed of at a net income. some of the houses will shut down their concerns ; others may cut down the figure of the workers. Some of the houses may seek to replace labour salvaging machines. The consequence of this will be that there will be greater unemp loyment in the state. Section Ca ) Discuss the features for each types of market construction: * Perfect Competitive Market Structure* Monopoly Market Structure* Oligopoly Market StructureAbsolutely Competitive MarketA absolutely competitory market must run into the some of the demands. First of all. both purchasers and Sellerss are monetary value takers. They are those people who take the market monetary value as given. Normally. families are monetary value takers because they accept the monetary value offered in shops. Within this type of market. the figure of houses is big. As the figure of houses additions. the consequence of house on the monetary value and measure in the market declines. Large means that what a house does has no bearing on what other houses do. For this market construction. there are no barriers to entry. Barriers sometimes take the signifier of patents granted to bring forth a certain good. If new manufacturers can come in and go out easy. bing houses might act as though there are more houses than at that place look to be. because there are more possible rivals. Entry into a market can be deterred by barriers to entry such as high start-up costs. trade name trueness. and authorities limitations. Another feature is the grade of homogeneousness of the merchandise. Differences in quality or other belongingss means that the merchandises of different houses are non perfect replacements for each other. and clients will absorb some monetary value differences among houses. Furthermore. there is complete information for this construction. Each participant has all of the information necessary to do the ‘correct’ picks. Firms and consumers know all there is to cognize about the market such as monetary values. merchandises. and available engineering. Any technological promotion would be immediately known to all in the market. Last. houses are net income maximizes. The end will be making net income and merchandise at the maximal degree. For absolutely competitory. proprietors will merely have net income as compensation non wages. Monopoly MarketMonopoly market is one of the construction that merely one manufacturer or marketer for a merchandise. It means that. the concern will be the industry. Entry into such a market is restricted due to high costs or other hindrances. which may be economic. societal or political. In add-on. as the individual marketer of a alone good with no close replacements. a monopoly has no competition. There are some features for monopoly. The first feature is the individual marketer. First and first. a monopoly will ever be monopoly because it is the lone marketer in the market. He or she will buy all the end product. Normally. the house and industry are indistinguishable. The word ‘monopoly’ really translates as ‘one seller’ . As the lone marketer. a monopoly controls the supply-side of the market wholly. If anyone wants to purchase the good. they must buy it from the lone monopoly. A premier beginning of monopoly power is the control of resources that are critical to the production of a concluding good. Monopoly market sells no close replacements merchandise. It achieves single-seller position because the good supplied is alone which is characterized by worsening costs over a comparatively big scope of production. There are no close replacements available for the good produced by a monopoly because a deficiency of economic competition for the goods and services were occurred. Besides. they besides face the job about the barriers to entry. Normally. monopoly frequently acquires and by and large maintains individual marketer position due to limitations on the entry of other houses into the market. There are some effectual barriers to entry which impedes the ability of other houses to get down a new concern in an industry in which existing houses are gaining positive economic net incomes. There are a few types of barriers legal barriers ( such as patents. prevent others from come ining the market ) . sociological barriers ( entry is prevented by usage or tradition ) . natural barriers ( house has a alone ability to bring forth what other houses can non double ) and the technological barriers ( size of the market can back up merely one house ) . In add-on. there is complete information. A monopoly frequently possesses information non available to others. This specialised information comes in the signifier of legally-established patents. right of first publications or hallmarks. Last. houses are all net income maximizes. The end of all houses will merely be net income. They will merchandise at the maximal degree where MR=MC. Oligopoly Market It is a market construction that characterized by a little figure of comparatively big houses that dominate an industry. The three most of import features of oligopoly are an industry dominated by a little figure of big houses. houses sell either indistinguishable or differentiated merchandises. and the industry has important barriers to entry. An oligopolistic industry is dominated by a little figure of big houses. each of which is comparatively big compared to the overall size of the market. This generates significant market control. the extent of market control depending on the figure and size of the houses. Some oligopoly industry produce indistinguishable merchandises. while others produce different merchandise. Identical merchandise oligopolies tend to treat natural stuffs or intermediate goods that are used as inputs by others. Firms in an oligopoly industry achieve and retain market control through barriers to entry. For illustrations. patents. resource ownership. authorities franchises. start-up cost and etc. Each of these makes it highly hard. if non impossible. for possible houses to come in an industry. B ) Suppose that a absolutely competitory industry became a monopoly. what alterations would you anticipate to see in:* The monetary value of industry’s good* The end product of industry’s good Perfect competitory industry is a market construction where there is a perfect grade of competition and individual monetary value prevails. In competitory market. both purchasers and Sellerss are monetary value takers. A monetary value taker is a house or person who takes the market monetary value as given. A absolutely competitory industry contains a big figure of houses. Besides. it is comparatively no barriers to come in or go out as a concern in a absolutely competitory market. This market has the grade of homogeneousness of the merchandise. The houses in a absolutely competitory market green goods and sell homogenous merchandises. Besides. there is complete information about the market like monetary values. merchandises and available engineering. Last. the end of all houses in a absolutely competitory market is net income and lone net income. Therefore. houses maximize net income. A monopoly is a market construction in which there is a individual provider of a merchandise. Monopolies exist because of barriers to entry into a market that prevent competition. For case. SESCO and Water Board are the illustrations of the monopoly market. In a monopoly. there is one marketer of the monopolized good who produces all the end product. The house and industry are indistinguishable. Besides. monopolies sell no close replacements merchandise. The absence of replacements makes the demand for the good comparatively inelastic enabling monopolies to pull out positive net incomes. There are effectual barriers to entry in monopoly. There are four types of barriers such as legal barriers. sociological barriers. natural barriers and technological barriers. There is complete information in monopoly excessively. The end of all houses in a monopoly market is merely net income. Firm will merchandise at the maximal degree where MR=MC. Monetary value MC PmEcPersonal computer MRc=Pc=DDc=ARcEm 0 Qm Qc MRm Pm=DDm=ARm Figure 1. 1The figure 1. 1 illustrates how a absolutely competitory industry alterations to a monopoly. When fringy gross peers to fringy cost ( MC=MRc ) . the equilibrium is at point Ec for absolutely competitory market. When market gross peers to fringy cost ( MC=MRm ) . the equilibrium is at point Em for monopoly. If a absolutely competitory industry became monopoly. the monetary value of industry’s good will increase. whereas the end product of industry’s good will diminish. ( Pm=price of monopoly. Pc=price of absolutely competitory market. Qm=quantity for monopoly. Qc=quantity for absolutely competitory market ) . Mention Cox. J. ( 1995 ) . The Minimal Wage. Retrieved November 15. 2011. from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. conciseguidetoeconomics. com/book/minimumWage/ Gordon. B. ( 2010 ) . Advantages of Market Economy. Retrieved November 8. 2011. from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. economywatch. com/market-economy/advantages-market-economy. html Hassamen. B. ( 2011 ) . The Benefits of Raising the Minimum Wage. Retrieved November 15. 2011. from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. raiseminwage. org/id24. hypertext markup language Lee. S. ( 2011 ) . The Advantages and Disadvantages of a Market Economy. Retrieved November 15. 2011. from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. ehow. com/info_8319704_advantages-disadvantages-market-economy. hypertext markup language Lovering. C. ( 2010 ) . Different Type of Economic Systems. Retrieved November 15. 2011. from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. ehow. com/list_7621411_different-type-economic-systems. hypertext markup language Roach. S. S. . Rajan. R. . A ; Sachs. J. D. ( 2010 ) . Command Economy. Planned Economy. Retrieved November 7. 2011. from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. economywatch. com/economy-articles/command-economy. hypertext markup language Shostak. F. ( 2002 ) . Specifying Inflation. Retrieved November 17. 2011. from hypertext transfer protocol: //mises. org/daily/908 Stiglitz. J. E. . Roubini. N. . A ; Smith. D. ( 2010 ) . Free Market Economy. Retrieved November 7. 2011. from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. economywatch. com/market-economy/free-market-economy. htm

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Mergers - Essay Example rgers are part of reforming a business which involve two companies coming together to create a big organization that pleases shareholders (Albizzatti and Sias 35-28). One factor that may make two companies succeed in merging is by integrating their data thus it will be easier to achieve the shareholders value. According to Gaughan (2009), this strategy is mostly used in tough economic times where those companies which cannot survive the competition in the market are bought-off by the strong companies in the market. Stanwick (16-11) descries that this enables the companies to improve their competitive nature as other companies merge hoping to increase their share in the market and thus will produce more than they would have if they were to operate by themselves. This study shows the possibilities that would make a company such as SLP want to merge with another one. It will also show how the mergers are financed and finally it shows the second and the third company to be chosen as a merger giving reasons for each. In my opinion if I was to pick a company to merge with between Dell and Intel it would be Dell. This is because it has more benefits to the company than Intel. Perry and Herd (19-12) shows that Dell is a multinational company and it already has a big market share all over the world which has been estimated to be 20 percent. This advantage would make SLP Company be in a position of venturing the global market as Dell would increase its industrial visibility. Dell is a company that deals with computers and SLP Company is involved in vehicles. Their merging type would be in the form of extending their product as the businesses are different but the products are somehow related. If Dell was to takeover SLP it would achieve more benefits of economies of scale as the size would increase as well as its product line. To pay for the deal the best way would be through fixed value stock. This is where the shares are fixed in that the buyer’s shareholders may run

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Single Mother Upbrings her Child - Case Study Example She is a high school graduate, with no college or vocational training. As a result, her jobs have always been minimum wage, unskilled jobs. Currently, she is employed as an inventory clerk in a building supplies warehouse. She has fairly good benefits at this job, including some health insurance for herself and her child. An incident happened approximately a week ago; Amy picked her daughter up at day care after work and she needed to stop at the grocery store before going home. While at the grocery, Angie was misbehaving and was taking items off the shelf and putting them into the cart. Despite several verbal reprimands, Angie continued to disobey her mother. Amy then slapped Angie’s hands making her to begin wailing thus attracting the attention of several customers in the store. After purchasing her groceries, Amy pushed Angie to her car. As she was putting Angie into her car seat, she noticed something protruding from one of the pockets of Angie’s dress. When she pu lled it out, she realized that Angie had taken candy bars and gum from the shelves next to the checkout line and put them in her pockets. Amy wanted to make sure that her daughter understood that taking things without paying for them is wrong as it amounted to stealing. So, she shook her several times, slapped her hands, and then put her hand over Angie’s mouth when she began screaming. Angie then bit her mother’s hand, prompting her to instinctively slap her across the face. Even though she did not mean to hurt her, everything was happening very fast. Angie suddenly became very quiet, so Amy shut the backdoor to the car and drove home. After 10 minutes of driving, she realized that she had not heard from Angie since they left the store parking lot prompting her to glance in the back seat where Angie appeared asleep. Upon arriving home, she realized that Angie was unconscious, not asleep. She then took Angie to the house and tried to wake her up but to no avail. She pa nicked and called 911. When the ambulance arrived, she gave an explanation to the paramedics that Angie had fallen and must have hit her head against something. Angie was initially admitted to the hospital for observation, but she remains there still with a possibility of a concussion or fractured skull. Legal Issues 1. Can Amy be arrested for child abuse if someone had found out that she had hit Angie the previous night in the parking lot of the grocery store and reported to the police? Also, since Angie has not gotten better, Amy is afraid that if the hospital finds out she hit Angie, they may report her to the police and yet she never intended to hurt her daughter, and she was just disciplining her. 2. Can Amy be answerable for child abuse on the basis of giving false information (about the incident at the parking lot) to the hospital staff, since Angie is not getting better after Amy said that Angie hit her head and yet the doctors suspect that Angie may be suffering from a skul l fracture or a concussion? 3. Can Amy loose child custody to Angie’s father whom they have not been in communication with for the past two years since their daughter is in hospital and she is frightened that someone might contact Angie’s father especially if she is arrested for child abuse? Non- Legal Issue 1. Is Amy in need of counseling as pertains to her anger management strategies, disciplining initiatives, and effects of alcohol abuse in parenting since she had been drinking with her friends that night before she picked Angie? Discussion Amy can be arrested for child abuse Child abuse is defined as mental and physical injury, negligent treatment of the child or exploitation and also inculcates sexual abuse of a child.

Find something interesting Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Find something interesting - Coursework Example This new approach in adapting mind uses evolutionary psychology approach to explaining how a collection of conscious mental programs have constantly evolved to solve the adaptive problems such as language acquisition, mate selection, cooperation and sexual infidelity (Delton et al. 1). It is also interesting how the others talk about the mate preference. According to the evidence and evolutionary theory, psychology has developed male mates prefer to date young female mates. While, female mates prefer high status male mates because it seems rather obvious. The authors also explain that in real-life contexts, male mate prefer younger female mate and female prefer high status male mates, but it is rather astonishing as the theory suggests that the evolution as played a role in this mate preference. David Buller, a critique of the theory and results from evolutionary psychology, dismissed such claims (Delton et al. 1). According to this theory of evolution and psychology, sex preference development is a biological process and evolve as people adapt to the environmental changes (Delton et al. 2). The development of the sex preference takes place due to the pressure of the physical and social environment. Women and men differ in sexual preference since both are faced with different physical and social environment (Delton et al. 1). For example, when looking for a mating partner, female mates are more concern with the security and survival of their offspring, therefore, they will seek for men with such qualities. Men, on the other hand, are less concern with the reproductive. According to this theory, the psychological difference between men and women also helps explain their sexual difference in sexual preference. Women and men occupy a different role in the society, therefore, are faced with different pressure (Delton et al. 3). According to Buller, no solid empirical results as ever been produced by evolutionary psychology. He went

The Consumer Preference On Green Product Marketing Essay

The Consumer Preference On Green Product Marketing Essay There has been a rising concern on environmental issues worldwide nowadays. Ministry of foreign affairs statistic shows that over the years, the temperature has been rise because of carbon dioxide trapped and green house gases have affected the global climate. This change will affect the people live all over the world. This also includes access to water, health, food and the well being of the environment. Todays consumers have started to recognize that their purchasing behaviors actually cause a big impact to the environment. Therefore, companies should practice offering environmentally friendly products and service to people to prevent this world become worse. Although, Malaysia has undergone an excellent development followed governmental efforts to attract foreign investor to come and invest for a green product development in Malaysia, the action of environmental responsible behavior among Malaysian consumers are still low. One of the examples of the lack of environmental responsible behavior is shown in an article in Bernama whereby garbage thrown by one of the state in Malaysia residents is the main cause of river pollution in the state. According to a survey which was handled on by global market insight and information group, only 8% of Malaysian respondents responded that they have changed their behavior in a greatest deal to benefit the environment on the aspect of eco-friendliness of habits and behaviors In addition 83% respondents reported that their views on a companys and their Colleges friendliness to the environment would influence them to purchases a green products and services. Studying the determinants of generation-Y consumers green purchase behavior will be definitely benefit green marketers. Generation-Y (also known as a millennial) is defined as A label attributed to people born during the 1980s and early 1990s. Members of Generation Y are often referred to as echo boomers because they are the children of parents born during the baby boom (baby boomers). Because children born during this time period have had constant access to technology (computers, cell phones) in their youth, they have required many employers to update their hiring strategy in order to incorporate updated forms of technology. In a simple word, generation-Y grew up with a technology and relies on those things to perform their job and their task. In addition, when going through a literature review in Malaysian context, there are still a gap existed between environmental knowledge, intention and behavior towards green product. [Said et al. (2005)]. Even though people that have vast knowledge about green products are not necessarily would buy a green product. Therefore, factors those determine and affect Generation-Y to purchase a green product would be worth to find out. 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE RESEARCH Environment is defined as what surrounds a thing or an item or in other words it means the surrounding. It could be a physical element which is physical environment, that includes the built environment, natural environment such as air, water, land, atmosphere and etc or it could be human environment where people surrounding the item or thing which also known as the social environment. Today environment is getting worst and worst. Many environmental issues arise. Environmental concerns have been growing in recent years. One of the examples of environmental issue is global warming. Global warming and climate change refer to an increase in average global temperatures. Natural events and human activities such as burning garbage and waste are believed to be contributing to an increase in average global temperatures. This is caused primarily by increases in greenhouse gases such as Carbon Dioxide. The greenhouse effect keeps the earth warm when functioning normally. For the first time in h istory, human activities are altering the climate of our entire planet. According to (Jack, 2010), in less than 2 centuries, humans have increased the total amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere by 25% from the burning of fossil fuels and the destruction of forests. In addition to the natural fluxes of carbon through the Earth system, human activities, particularly fossil fuel burning and deforestation, are also releasing carbon dioxide into the atmosphere (The Carbon Cycle; the Human Role, Earth Observatory, NASA). Green product is define as a product that produce limited carbon footprints; they may require fewer resources to produce, consume less energy or emit fewer hazardous emissions.  Green product is also a product that is non toxic, water-efficient, and also recyclable and biodegradable. There are many green products that have been produce for people in the market. For example, a household cleaner. Nowadays its nearly impossible to go shopping without finding a plethora of products that claim to be environmentally and consumer friendly. Oddly enough, many cheap and eco-friendly substances, such as vinegar, have been used for years as home cleaners. Whether you buy a green cleaning product at a store or use something on hand in your pantry, you can reap the benefits of choosing products that are gentler on you and the environment. Phosphate-free dishwasher and laundry detergents are also consider a green product because they do not discharge environment-damaging phosphates into waterway s. Other examples of green cleaning products are those labeled certified biodegradable; these have passed several stringent tests relating to biodegradability and environmental impact conducted by an independent certifying agency. According to Consumer Reports, the certified biodegradable label is more meaningful than a general biodegradable label. Glass and metal cleaners, kitchen and bathroom cleaners, and laundry detergents are products that might carry this label. The rationale for going green is twofold. Clearly, the positive effects on the environment are a key driver for purchasing green product.  Green product provides myriad environmental benefits. They can replace toxic materials that may be harmful to people or animals. Also, some products save energy and water, while others limit solid waste and manufacturing releases. Green products create a healthier environment for people through reduced exposure to cleaners, solvents, paints and other hazardous substances. Green product also can reduce allergies. Many families find that their children are suffering from allergies, even though their family history does not necessary say that there are no allergies. In some situations, chemicals found within cleaning products contain allergens. Bleaches, toxic cleaning sprays and other chemicals used to clean the home commonly contain a variety of ingredients specifically able to cause or trigger allergies in people.   Generation Y are the cool generation, they embrace brand and live in the new world of digitize communication. Thus that might be interesting to find their perception and their level of awareness towards environmental issues that the world is facing nowadays. Gen Y has grown up in a very structure, busy and over planned world. Also, Gen Y is made up of confident, optimistic young people who feel valued and wanted. In a article of science daily, Gen-Y is a people that will go all the way when it comes to saving the environment as long as it benefit to world economic and environment. They are maturing into a pragmatic generation that wants to do the right thing for the environment but also has real economic concerns 1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT Consumers or practically customers are the sellers and buyers that boost the countrys economy. Therefore, many firms are actually putting many efforts in order to attract more customers because these customers create businesses opportunities and generate profits to them. As the world nowadays facing so many problems regarding to an environmental issue, the consumers and their attitudes or behaviors to purchase a green product are the important factors to be considered. Consumers nowadays have more choices due to the effects of globalization. They will prefer the function of the product rather than the brand or whatsoever to ensure a healthier future. To determine the current level of Gen-y consumers preference towards the green products. To determine what are the determinants or factors of Gen-y consumer preferences towards the green product. To determine the consequences or effects of Gen-y consumer preferences towards the green product. To determine consumer level of awareness of Gen-y consumer towards green product. 1.3 RESEARCH OBJECTIVE Awareness towards environmental issue that the world nowadays facing play a major role encourage people to purchase a green product. Thus, this study is attempts to relate on the various variables that influence consumer especially generation-Y to purchase a green product. The objectives are as the following: * To study the factors affecting the consumer especially Gen-Y to purchase green product. Gen-y is a new generation and It is crucial to understand as they are more advance and modernize. Thus, several researches have been conducted in order to understand consumers in a way that how they behave, and what are the factors that cause them to behave or react to the responses of the products. Leading factors such as price and quality are always the top concerns to the consumers. Product attributes will moderate the effects of price on quality judgments. Partial of the consumers may focus on buying low prices goods and neglect the quality of the products. This group of consumers takes the price as a measure of sacrifice. For instance, consumers take the price served as the benchmark for comparing utility gains from the quality of the product. One the other hand, some portion of the consumers will be willing to pay a premium price for the quality and function of the products, as they are very sensitive to the signals of the quality of one product. Thus, it is hope that this stud y will contribute further to the understanding of factors of price and quality that may lead to the consumers prefer for a green product * To understand the awareness level of people about Go Green campaign. Nowadays, there are many environmental campaign have been organized by a government and private sector. This campaign is aim to encourage people to more concern about the environment. Thus, it is hope that this study will explore how people react to a environmental campaign and what is their level of awareness about the awareness campaign. * To examine the benefit for people involvement in Go Green program. We might be asking, how we will benefit from getting involved in this environmental campaign. Well, recently there has been an increase in events directly related to the availability of natural resources. For example energy shortages that resulted to load shedding, change in weather patterns and water shortages. As a result, civil society is recognizing the need to manage our natural resources more effectively and responsibly. In doing so, we can ensure positive effects on our health, quality of life and even the cost of living. Thus, this study will help people to getting known more about what they will gain if they participate in the environmental campaign. *To discover what consumer perception towards green product. In curiosity to identify what are the main components or criteria that consumer especially gen-Y are looking forward in order to purchase a green product. It is true that each and every one of us are special and unique in the way we are, thus, every consumer has their very own perception in purchasing a green product. Different people from different backgrounds may have different perceptions on these products. In addition to that, different demographic groups may have different perceptions to this kind of product as well. Thus, this study will help to identify whether the consumer especially gen-y prefer to buy a green product or not to safe a mother of earth. 1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY This study is crucial as there are a lot of green products have been selling nowadays. Obviously, when we talk about green product, the price for that particular item might be so expensive. The study on factors affecting consumer especially Gen-Y buying a green product may allow us to know in depth why are previous efforts taken does not produce as it is thought it would be. Based on the study conducted, motivations towards the environment, knowledge on green product, social norm, awareness and self-image have an impact on the consumer especially Gen-Y buying a green product. Government may need to enhance its program in educating people green product. New and more interesting Go Green program and method is a definite necessity in motivating people to increase their interest/awareness on a green product and indirectly motivates them to purchase it. 1.5 SCOPE OF STUDY The research focus on students in Multimedia University (MMU) Melaka campus and teenagers from outside the campus which comes from various demographic backgrounds such as the faculty, ethnicity and nationality. The focused respondents are a great resemblance on the exact population in Malaysia. 1.6 ORGANIZATIONAL OF RESEARCH 1.6.1 Chapter 1: Introduction Regarding this chapter, it introduce the background of this research such as why do people as a consumer buy a green product. Thus, this will create a strong preference among the gen-y consumers locally and abroad to consume and purchase green products. These sections will explain in details in the of consumers preferences from the Malaysian perspective and as well from the global view for green products. This chapter also recognized the problem statement and the research objectives for this research. Finally, the justification of the research will help to justify the benefits and those who will gain in this research. Chapter 2 : Literature Review A thorough study will be conducted on the dependent variable and independent variables. The main purpose for this chapter is to weigh the pros and cons of the topic and to discuss in details on the ideas and knowledge concerned. In this chapter, every definition of the dependent variable and independent variables will be cited from the journals in order to strengthen every point mentioned. Several of arguments and various points of views from different authors in order to provide a stronger formation of each point can be founded in this chapter. In addition to that, this chapter explains the relationships on several independent variables relate to the dependent variables. 1.6.2 Chapter 3 : Research Methodology Research methodology is usually conducted after the thorough study of literature review. In this chapter, theoretical framework will be form to illustrate the relationships between the dependent variable and the independent variables. Hypotheses or a proposed explanation which were made on the basis of limited evidences will explain the relationships between two or more variables. All the hypotheses stated will be tested together with empirical data. This chapter also includes the description of the sampling data, data collections and as well as the development of the questionnaire for this research. Chapter 4 : Data Analysis After questionnaires are collected from all the respondents, then few tests will be conducted to test on the validity and reliability of the results. The responds of the questionnaires from the respondents are represented by a set of numbers that symbolize their own significant meanings. Whereas the tests that will be carry out are to analyze the responses from the respondents so that it will derive to a stronger conclusion at the end of this research. Chapter 5 : Conclusion This chapter will provide the final outcome of this research. Thus, the final results will be explained and we will be able to identify how the exact hypotheses that formed earlier are hold. Chapter 2 Literature Review 2.1 Environmental quality in Malaysia According to report from Department of Environment Malaysia, 2006, Malaysia experienced a short period of slight to moderate haze due to trans-boundary pollution from neighboring countries. Different states have the differed air quality status according to the geographical locations, the industrial and commercial activities, populated areas and the traffic conditions. During that period, especially in Klang Valley, one of the area in Malaysia was more exposed to be effects to air pollution than any other areas. Statistic shows that, the air quality there was good only 23% of the time, moderate 70% of the time and the remaining 7% at an unhealthy level. As a developing country, Malaysia faced in a numerous challenge to ensure a balance between environmental sustainability and development. River quality, urban air, deforestation, household and hazardous waste are some of the major serious and worrying environmental problems faced by the country According to The Ninth Malaysia Plan (2006-2010) report, Malaysian government allocated RM510 million for cleaning, preserving and beautifying rivers; RM530 million for coastal management; RM200 million for reforestation; and another RM70 million for the management of wildfire and protected areas to ensure environmental sustainability and resource management. In a global environment article stated that, Solid waste is one of the three major environmental problems in Malaysia. It plays a significant role in the ability of Nature to sustain life within its capacity. Currently, over 23,000 tonnes of waste is produced each day in Malaysia. However, this amount is expected to rise to 30,000 tonnes by the year 2020. The amount of waste generated will continues to increase. It is because due to the increasing population and development in this country. It will be assume that, it will be only less than 5% of the waste is being recycled. Rivers represent the lease of life which pulses through the earth. It is a finite and only source of water. In Malaysia, there are almost 1800 rivers. Sadly, more than half of these rivers have been polluted and destroyed. Improper solid waste management contributes greatly to river pollution. Improper solid waste management also contributes to climate change decomposing waste produces methane and production of new products to meet demand emits greenhouse gases and utilizes natural resources. Therefore, a change towards more sustainable consumption patterns is required. 2.1.1 Concern of environment There are many reasons and factors that affect consumer especially Gen-Y to buy a green product. According to  Mostafa (2007), green purchase behavior or environmental friendly buying behavior is the ingesting of products that are beneficial to the environment, recyclable or conservable, Sensitive and responsive to ecological concerns. Concern for the environment is perceived to be important in encouraging consumer to participate in green program and also buying a green product. Research finding suggest that, moral concerns determine several curtailment behaviors (Goldstein et al., 2008; Hage et al., 2009). However, studies on the influence of moral concerns on consumer high involvement buying decisions with environmental implications are rare (Thà ¸gersen, 2005). This is a problem since overlooking an influential determinant might hinder or delay successful diffusion of environmentally friendlier products and innovations. Consumer identify environmental protection as a priority f or governmental policies and this interest has led to an increase in ethical production-for both consumer and non-consumer products (  Finisterra do Paà §o  et al., 2009). Sensitivity to environmental issues shifts consumer behavior towards supporting the growth and diffusion of green marketing and ecologically-conscious consumer behavior including: consumer preference for greener firms, increase in demand for greener products. (Alsmadi, 2008; Finisterra do Pacao et al.,2009) found that greater awareness of environmental problems, increased media coverage, impact of major industrial disasters on public opinion, and the rise of pressure group activities are among the factors driving environmental concerns. 2.2 Green marketing Grant, John.(2008)define the green as a brand that that offers a significant eco-advantage over the incumbents and which hence appeals to those who are willing to making green a high priority. Soonthonsmai (2008) defined a green marketing as the activities that have been action by firms that are really concern about the environment by convey the environmentally sound goods or services to build and create consumers satisfaction. Other definitions of green marketing as suggested by marketing scholars are include social marketing, ecological marketing or environmental marketing. Harrison (2008) suggest that green marketing strategy by firms through positioning the environmental benefits of green products to consumers perception to influence their purchasing decision. Peatitie (2007) and Welford (2000) defined green marketing as the management process responsible for identifying and satisfying the requirements of customers and society in a profitable and sustainable way. In reality, comp anies that are going to pursue green marketing encounter various challenges mainly from the variability of demand, un-favorable consumer perception and high cost (Gurau and Ranchhod, 2008). The most key concern lies in an understanding of green consumers and their characteristics and it will help firm to enable and to develop a new target and segmentation strategies (DSouza et al., 2008). Dwyer (2009) defined green as the products to be designed, commercialized, and used which are capable of reducing sources of pollution and minimizing risks to human health and the environment. On the other hand, there are product sector speci ¬Ã‚ c examples of research on green buying process, such as food and household products (Vantomme et al., 2005) and clothes (Shaw et al., 2006) 2.2.1 Consumer preference on green product The dependent variable in this study is the factor that affecting consumer preferences for green products. Everyone in this Earth, play a major role as a consumer. Consumers are the main factors that boost a countrys economy. Each and every consumer has their very own perspective and preferences towards what they consume. Consumer from different demographic factors such as background and society may influence their behavior in making decisions while to purchase products. Thus, it is undeniable that consumers preferences and their perspective towards goods and services are hard to predict. DSouza  et al.  (2006a)  found out in their research that consumers perception on green products did not influence by any criteria such as packaging, label and ingredient of a product. The important finding from  DSouza  et al.  (2006)  was that green consumers will be rely more on their personal experience in using the green product rather than assess a green product base on marketers provided information. Interestingly, this finding however contradicts to Taghian and Lambs finding. They found that consumers are getting more environmental information by look at a product labels before deciding to purchase it. It is mean that, labels are important to capture consumer impression to buy a green product. Rashid (2009)  in his study stated that eco label is an important factor that would enable consumers to make the right purchase choice if they faced with a situation that required them to taking their consideration of the environmental impact on a product that they wish to purchase. The importance of consumers has lead to many researches to be conducted in order to study on their behavior and attitudes towards what they perceived on the products. Barr and Gilg (2006) was found that green purchasing behavior was the least popular activity alongside activities such as recycling and habitual household activities. However, not surprisingly, green consumers do consider environmental factors when purchasing products, but engaged more frequently in activities such as switching off lights and recycling paper (daily activities). Wheale and Hinton (2007) suggested that amongst the population of green consumers there is a hierarchy of importance of ethical drivers in the purchase decision-making process. The environment and the quality of the product was rated as the most important ethical driver during purchasing decisions. The finding from  DSouza  et al.  (2006)  was if product is lower in quality, consumers would not have interested to purchase the products eve n though they were always reading labels outside the product. Furthermore, if ordinary product is more expensive compared to a green product, consumers might have intention to buy green products because of the benefit and the cost. Therefore,  DSouza  et al.  (2006)  concluded from their study that consumers were not compromised to lower product quality. 2.3 Knowledge and attitude towards environment and green product Knowledge and attitude towards environment are very important to influcence consumer especially Gen-Y To purchase green products. There is a general belief among the researchers and also the environmental activists that by purchasing environmentally friendly products or green products, products with a recyclable packaging or properly disposing of non-biodegradable garbage, consumers indirectly can contribute significantly in order to enhance the quality of the environment (Abdul-Muhmim, 2007). The quality of the environment depends critically on the level of knowledge, attitudes, values and practices of consumers (Mansaray and Abijoye, 2005). Attitudes are the most consistent clarifying factor in predicting consumers willingness to pay for green products (Chyong et al., 2006). This means, price is not the main cause in avert consumers from purchasing green products if they are pro-environment. Researcher also found that Influencing consumer behaviour is a complex and difficult task r equiring knowledge of its determinants. The most convincing support of the growing influence of the ecologically-friendly consumer is the increase in the number of individuals that are willing to pay more for environmentally friendly products (Bang et al., 2005). 2.4 Social norm and value perception influence consumer to buy green product. Studies have also investigated the effect social influence has affect consumer especially Gen-Y purchase green product.The interest in green initiatives is not expected to emanate only from external impositions and inducements but also from the internal sense of responsibility of a firm towards the society in which it exists. For green issues, such sensitivity is intensified by increasing environmental problems such as global warming and pollution. Such problems may also raise awareness and interest of a firm to behave in a more socially responsible manner and reflect an image of due diligence and commitment to sustainability. Green purchasing is primarily motivated by a certain degree of consumer ecological consciousness. Frey and Stutzer (2006) identify a number reasons behind environmental motivation: intrinsic motivations, altruism, internalized norms and social norms. Social norms lead individuals to take into consideration the opinions of the other members of society when choosing a green product over another: if they think that their acquaintances approve of green product purchase and disapprove of standard product purchase, there are encouraged to buy green products. (Ewing, 2005) stated that social norms are an important motivator of ecologically responsible behaviour. The strength of the normative influence of the consumers family and social groups on purchasing decisions depends on the characteristics of the product (e.g. luxury rather than a necessity). Value perception is the conception one has of oneself. Study in marketing influence on consumer purchase decision on green product, value perception was influencing green behaviours. This agrees to Lee(2008) finding value perception as the third predictor of her study. Apart from behavioral aspects, numerous studies have also looked at the relationship between demographic and socioeconomic variables and purchase green product involvement. Kinnear, T. and Taylor, J. (1973) stated that there has been no signi ¬Ã‚ cant link found between demographic segmentation and green purchase. This could be due to the notion that different groups of people relate to different parts of the environmental agenda Peattie, K. (1995). There have been contradictory results of younger and older age groups concerns about environmental issues Peattie, K. (1995). There is, however, a belief that environmental concern is directly related to a consumers level of education Balderjahn, I. (1988). Based on four surveys, Hines et al. found no relationship with gender. Chapter 3 Research Methodology 3.1 Overview Methodology is a system of methods used in a particular research. Research methodology normally comes after defining the problems and completing the thorough of the literature review. Research methodology which has been implemented to collect, investigate and as well as interpreting data obtained for the testing of the hypothesis will be discussed. Theoretical framework will be formed in this chapter in order to illustrate the relationships in between the dependent variable and independent variables. Besides that, hypotheses were developed and will be discussed together with the explanations in conjunction with the dependent variable and the independent variables. On top of that, plans of the sampling method, data collection methods and as well as the development of the questionnaires are included in this chapter. Finally, the data analysis and the hypotheses testing will carry out to analyze the responses from the respondents so that it will derive to a stronger conclusion at the en d of this research. 3.2 Theoretical Framework Figure 3.1 below illustrates a theoretical framework that shows the relationships in between the dependent variable and the independent variables. Knowledge Country Factors affecting Gen-y consumer in Malaysia buying a green product Attitude Social Norm Value Perception 3.3 Explanation of Framework The preferences of consumers for green products are subjective. Consumer from different demographic factors such as background and society may influence their behavior in making decisions while to purchase products. Whether they have a greater of favor to green products or to ordinary products are just hard to predict. Thus, it is undeniable that consumers preferences and their perspective towards goods and services are hard to predict. The importances of consumers have lead to many researches to be conducted in order to study on their behavior and attitudes towards what they perceived on the products. The knowledge, which is one of the factors that might cause preferences for consumers to make purchases for green products. The first thing that came across consumers mind is the brands and firms that produce a green product. Thus, the brand image of the company has help by providing hints to the consumers in summarizing the information from that certain product. According to Grunert (1993), knowledge of the benefits of a green products use on the environment may have an impact on whether or not that product is purchased and used. Besides that, consumers also prefer to purchase a green product with a lower cost. The attitude is another most influential factor in consumer preferences for green products. Consumers normally are not really aware about our environment is