Technology Is Solving So Many Of Our First World Problems

We live in a world where technology is solving so many of our first-world problems. While we have all these solutions, there are examples of when the old way was very helpful. For instance, a few months ago, I left my cellphone and keys in a building that I had just completed cleaning. It was late in the day and I had no access to either email or my contacts. Here’s the clincher†¦I also had not memorized my boyfriend’s phone number. That seems ridiculous, but I had never needed to actually know the number before that. I would simply find him in my contacts and call. 10 years ago, I knew everyone’s phone number by heart. I would dial it a couple of times and then never forget it. But, here I was, stuck in a parking lot with no phone numbers. I ended up borrowing someone’s phone to get on my Facebook account and messaging a friend to have my boyfriend call me. It was a chaotic and stressful evening and one I never want to repeat. This is an example of a skill I have lost- remembering phone numbers. If you had the opportunity to teach 5 skills to the youth of today, what would you show them? There’s a chance that one or more skills that are slowly disappearing are still needed every so often. I’ve chosen 5 things below that I am happy to have learned and would love to pass on. 1. How to build a fire- Even if you never have to build your own fire, the value of having a general understanding of the best way to place the tinder and arrange the branches could be priceless inShow MoreRelatedImpact Of Technology On The Health Of People Across The Globe1664 Words   |  7 PagesTechnology has been advancing ever since mankind discovered how to make fire. We have continuously built upon each new technology developed, which has led to the dominance of our species across the globe. We are one of the few species that have the ability to produce and use tools. Technology has been continuously improving our standard of living but have the advancements gone too far? Modern technology has begun to consume our lives instead of enhancing our lives, and this has had more consequencesRead MoreWhat Is Wrong With Technology?1573 Words   |  7 PagesGuomin Zou Prof. Coleman Sociology 001 Mar. 3, 2015 What Is Wrong with Technology? â€Å"Up to 90% of young adults in major East Asian countries, including China, Taiwan, Japan, Singapore and South Korea, are nearsighted† (Park par. 3). The main reason that causes this phenomenon is that the East Asian students are overusing technology such as smart phones, Ipads, and computers. These technologies devices are the friends that they spend most time with. Playing video games and watching TV for overRead MoreAs everyone grows up, everyone has to take a Math class from Kindergarten to twelfth grade. At the800 Words   |  4 Pagestwelfth grade. At the early stage of math classes, most of the problems were solved by using pencil and paper. Eventually, calculators took over the method of using pencil and paper. Calculators were first made in 1642 by a French mathematician, Blaise Pascal. According to the article, â€Å"Who Made the First Calculator,† calculators were created for the usage of helping a person add and subtract numbers without using their han ds (â€Å"Who made the first calculator†). However, they were not introduced into classroomsRead MoreThe Effects Of Computers On Students Academic Growth1437 Words   |  6 Pagesindispensable in every day life. Because of the pervasiveness of technology throughout society, one question must be answered. Is the widespread existence of technology harming students? Are the multitudes of devices found in every aspect of our culture a tool that can help students in their pursuit of an education, or are they supplanting the need for students to use problem solving strategies? This discussion, which has been raging since the first computer appeared in a school building, becomes even moreRead MoreWhy Is Google A Important?1145 Words   |  5 PagesRequirement 1 The first role at Google I will be examining is that of Product Management. The three most critical technical skills I believe are needed to successfully do this job are engineering skills, problem solving and technology skills, and data collection skills. Engineering skills are pertinent to this role so that one can be innovative and create Google’s next big thing. Google is known for having the most creative and new ideas out there. One also needs to be able to work with engineersRead MoreEssay Modern education1396 Words   |  6 Pages During the past few decades we have seen a shift from Industrial work to Information technology work. Recently our country has just recovered from an economic depression. 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In theRead More The Pros and Cons of Technology Essay1525 Words   |  7 PagesCons of Technology As far back as I can remember my family and I have taken advantage of technology. The types of technology have changed over the years, along with our usage and dependence on it. Technology is a fundamental part of our lifestyle, including both work and play. What is interesting is that we also have many friends who use very little technology in their day-to-day living. This drastic difference makes one wonder how necessary the technology really is, and whether or not our dependenceRead MoreInterview With Leapfrog Technology Inc.1267 Words   |  6 PagesInterview with Leapfrog Technology Inc. CEO Chris Sprague Chris Sprague is the CEO of Leapfrog Technology Inc., a software company working on software development. Headquartered in Seattle, USA, the development center of the company is located in Kathmandu. Sprague did undergraduate degree from Stanford University in Human Computer Interactions (HCI) and Computer Science, and later joined Masters studies at Georgia Institute of Technology. He then worked for Oracle and other Silicon Valley startupsRead MoreScience Is The Pursuit And Application Of Knowledge Essay1158 Words   |  5 Pagesit interrelated you must first understand the definition and function of each. The board spectrum of interdisciplinary disciples pertaining to Science, Math, Technology and Engineering provide a broad spectrum of knowledge and opportunity for segregated sectors of discovery and interpretation. Each spectrum offers and promotes different methodology and ideology yet work together. Educators and researchers use crossed disciplinary approaches to satisfy the needs of our societal demands in this

Case Study 1 for aP Essay - 713 Words

Case Study 1 1. Briefly describe the three major layers of skin that make up healthy skin The three layers that make up healthy skin: Epidermis, Dermis and Hypodermis. Epidermis is composed of keratinized, stratified squamous epithelium. This layer provides a thick, water proof protective covering over the underlying skins. The dermis layer is composed of primarily of dense, irregular, fibrous connective tissue that is rich in collagen and elastin. The dermis contains blood vessels, nerve ending, and epidermally derived cutaneous oranges such as sweat glands, sebaceous glands and hair follicles. The last layer is Hypodermis this layer is composed primarily of loose dead skin. The fat layer provides cushioning and insulation for†¦show more content†¦Do bacteria normally colonize healthy skin? Due to the skin being burned so badly and it being open to all kinds of bacteria forming a broad spectrum should take care of any infection she may get. She would get them topical and IV to make sure she was protected both ways. 7. Why was skin-grafting necessary in this patient? (why not just let the skin heal on its own) Due to the skin being severely damages it’s going to take a long time to heal. The skin graft will help prevent infection and speed up the healing process. 8. Describe the series of events that occur in skin, which is healing with the help of a skin graft? The skin will have to first have all of the dead and burned skin removed and topical antibiotics will be placed on to prevent infection then the graft will be placed over the skin to reduce the infection and shock risks and the skin will slowly start healing on its own. 9. Why are bedridden patients at risk for developing decubitus ulcers? Due to the patient being bedridden and immobile they often lie in the same position for long periods of time without being moved and the pressure on the skin can cause a sore and infection. If left untreated can cause serious problems and may result in surgery. 10. Why did the patient lose so much weight despite being on a very high-calorie diet? Do to the major trauma her body needs the calories to try and keep up with the functions to help her bodyShow MoreRelatedZeus Asset Management1377 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction  §Ã¯â€š §Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Two common ways to measure average portfolio return: 1.†¯ Time-weighted returns 2.†¯ Dollar-weighted returns  §Ã¯â€š §Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Returns must be adjusted for risk. AFF5300 Case Studies in Finance 4 Dollar- and Time-Weighted Returns Time-weighted returns  §Ã¯â€š §Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ The geometric average is a time-weighted average.  §Ã¯â€š §Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Each period’s return has equal weight. 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Organizational Citizenship Behavior

Question: Describe the literature review on the Dimensions and Antecedents of Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB)? Answer: Introduction This paper described the literature review on Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB). The main aim of this paper is to evaluate the relevant information about the organization behavior. This research is able to collect relevant information and data in the perspective of dimension of organization behavior. Indeed, organizational citizenship behavior is the term that compilation of individual behavior in a team setting. In the other words, Organizational citizenship behavior is attached to employee effectiveness, work productivity and other elements that can affect a business in the short term and long term basis. The main objective of OCB is to protect firm against undesirable behaviors that prevent the firms abilities, healthy operations and improve incumbents. (Zellars, Tepper Duffy 2002) Altruism, courtesy, sportsmanship, conscientiousness and civic virtue are the various types of organizational citizenship behavior. Indeed, literature review is known as scholarly paper that in cludes the current knowledge such as theoretical and methodological contribution as well as substantive finding to a specific topic. Literature review is a depth evaluation of past research and it is a summary and synopsis of specific field of research, allowing everybody to read the paper that why you are doing this specific research program. (Dawidowicz 2010) This chapter enables to evaluate the significance of brand image of organization employees. Through the support of literature review in depth understanding of the organizational citizenship behavior concept is developed that supports to increase research validity and credibility to fulfill research objective. Historical background concept of OCB Dennis Organ was the father of OCB. Organ elaborated from Katzs original work. OCB has been studies from late 1970s. In the 1988, organization citizenship behavior was first defined by Dennis Organ as individual behavior that is no rewarded by normal reward method. The concept of OCB developed by Dennis Organs into explanations for the clear non-relationship between job performance and job satisfaction. OCB was selected as alternative form of performance; create difference from past performance on the portion of its situational and ability restriction. The upper boundary of task performance is limited by people knowledge, ability and skills while lower boundary of performance is limited by threat of losing job. It means the single performing job doesnt have a great deal of room to differ in performance based on their appeasement. (Borman Motowidlo 2014) Nowadays, OCB is conceptualized as substitutable with the concept of useful performance, defined as performance that helps the social and psychological atmosphere in that task performance takes place. In spite of this, it reflects the complex nature of workers roles in the modern acknowledges and workplace that employees do get rewarded for securing in OCB. OCB covers organizational concerned a ct as working overtime without taking any remuneration. OCB is offering support to a newcomer in the office who is struggling with deadline and change shifts. Finally, OCB must promote the functioning of the firm. In addition, Brief and Motowidlo is closely concerned with concept of organization behavior. This behavior defined as performed by a team of the firm. Directed towards team or firm with who communicate while carrying out self firms role. Performed with the force of promoting the welfare of team or firm toward which it is directed. OBC provides warranty on discussion because of the present versus past viewpoint. The present view focuses on the general citizenship that affect the OCB while past view focuses voluntary behavior gained attention from political science. (Bonaparte 2008) Dimension of OCB In the regard of business, the five behaviors will lead to productivity and effective work. However, psychologists realize dozen of positive organization citizenship behavior. The five major behaviors as determined by Organs are altruism, courtesy, sportsmanship, conscientiousness and civic virtue that are described below: Altruism: Altruism means desire to help or otherwise help another individual and not expecting any benefit for help. For example: drives a neighbor to work when their car broken down but it is not expecting any money in compensation. It is raise the productivity and effectiveness because it forces inter-employee relations. It can decrease the stress from organization employees those are overwhelmed without a little bit of support that will move in raise productivity. (Mayfield 2008) Courtesy: Courtesy means behavior that is polite and considerate towards other person. Sportsmanship means no negative behavior when person doesnt go with proper plan. It is about inquiring about personal topic that colleague has brought up. Colleague is facing any trouble with related project. Then, they should reduce their workload or absent from work. (Solan 2008) Courtesy not only promote social communication between employees that improve the work atmosphere, but also they can decrease any potential stress that happen from staff who dont have courtesy to announce their colleague about matter such as absent from work. This dimension helps to improve human behavior through adopt politeness in nature. If staff will be polite and humble then organization conflict will be reduce and organization will grow day to day. Sportsmanship: This dimension evaluates discretionary behavior that shows the willingness of staff to attitude less than ideal condition without extra charges. it is not presenting negative behavior when doesnt go planned. It is linked with sports and game. For example: a staff who submit their proposal to their senior, but they rejected them. Instead the staff shows good sportsmanship through not complaining about the condition to other colleague who reports their behavior to other working for the business. Conscientiousness: This dimensions of discretionary that outside the lower limit function requirement of the firm. Conscientiousness means behavior that advice a reasonable level of discipline that expands beyond the minimum requirement in that condition. (Solan 2008) It provides suggestion to their colleague and subordinates. So, it is helpful in organization success. Civic virtue: This dimension shows the staff participates with full responsibility. Staffs are willing to work with company in any kind of environment that provided by company management. Staff contributes in the companys growth and development so we cant ignore them. This dimension determines the staff value in the organization and how to motivate them. Civic virtue means a behavior that shows how a person represents an organization with they are attached and how person supports their firms outside official potential. It is speaking positively about the business to friends, family and events such as charity. (Mayfield 2008) Antecedents of OCB OCB is good for every firm. It is significant to consider the elements that affect engagement in OCB in the job. The antecedents of OCB have been categorized into three fields such as personality/traits, leadership/group elements and attitudinal. The shape of personality on tendency to present OCB is minimum. (Somech Oplatka 2014) Although, it does not mean that employee will be decreased towards engaging in OCB as compare to others. Rest two kinds of categories are more promising in that attitude concern. Personality: The big five personality traits such as conscientiousness, neuroticism, extraversion and agreeableness are connected with OCB. If personality will be not good then it will harm the organizational behavior. (Solan 2008) However, personality improves the organization behavior. A trait helps to organizational growth and success. Personality indicates the individual character of the organization related people. Attitude: The traditional evaluations used as valid forecaster of OCB that includes job satisfaction, organizational commitment, motivation, employee engagement and level of trust between staff and their colleague. In the term of umbrella attitude has been coined to cover perceived fairness, leader consideration, job satisfaction and affective commitment. Further, individual disposition, fairness perception, motivational factors and role perception are the job-related constructs that will affect OCB. (Somech Oplatka 2014) Attitude represent the organizational behavior, if attitude will be complicated then it will bad impact on organization culture. Organization culture affects the organization workplace that raises their sales volume and profit margin. However, attitude represents the human behavior that can be positive or negative. Leadership factors: Leadership model can motive OCB in several ways if spread effectively. Leadership plays a significant role in the OCB Antecedents. If leadership will be good in the organization then it will help in the organization growth and development that affect organization behavior. However, leadership is the symbol of organization behavior and success. Leadership model can be different as per organization needs or desires. If leadership factors are appropriate then it would be helpful to organization growth and development. (Solan 2008) Conclusion From the above discussion, it can be concluded that organizational citizenship and job satisfaction are multidimensional. A staff may be satisfied with features of job satisfaction and may not be satisfied. An individual can present the organizational citizenship such as altruism and they should avoid sportsmanship. The main purpose is to identify the impacts of features of job satisfaction on each dimension of organization behavior. Finally, it can be concluded that staffs are satisfaction forecast each dimension of OCB. Further, the limitation of this paper is to comprised of a team of organizations. Second limitation is to the low reliabilities for various dimensions such as courtesy that turned out from little number of items. In spite of some limitation, it helps to increase the organization growth and development. References Bonaparte, W, 2008, The Impact of Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Organizational Commitment on Organizational Performance, ProQuest, Michigan. Borman, WC, Motowidlo, SJ, 2014, Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Contextual Performance: A Special Issue of Human Performance, Psychology Press, New York. Dalal, RS, 2005, A meta-analysis of the relationship between organizational citizenship behavior and counterproductive work behavior, Journal of applied psychology, 90(6), 1241. Dawidowicz, P, 2010, Literature Reviews Made Easy: A Quick Guide to Success, IAP, New Delhi. Foote, DA, Li-Ping Tang, T, 2008, Job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) Does team commitment make a difference in self-directed teams? Management Decision, 46(6), 933-947. Mayfield, CO, 2008, The Effects of Self-concept and Organizational Identification on Organizational Citizenship Behavior, ProQuest, Michigan. Schwab, C, 2012, Literature Review of Horizontal Collaboration in the Maritime Industry: Ports and Terminals: A critical literature review, GRIN Verlag, Munich. Solan, AM, 2008, The Relationships Between Emotional Intelligence, Visionary Leadership, and Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Continuing Higher Education, ProQuest, Michigan. Somech, A Oplatka, I, 2014, Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Schools: Examining the impact and opportunities within educational systems, Routledge, New York. Zellars, KL, Tepper, BJ, Duffy, MK, 2002, Abusive supervision and subordinates' organizational citizenship behavior, Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(6), 1068.

The Great Depression Essay Example

The Great Depression Paper The Great Depression: The Extensive Effects The 1920s was a time of roaring prosperity. Even mid-October of 1929, the average middle-class American saw an â€Å"illimitable vista of prosperity† (Dixon 1). The thought of poverty was close to an end; in 1928, President Herbert Hoover stated, â€Å"We have not yet reached the goal, but given a chance to go forward with the policies of the last eight years, and we shall soon with the help of God be within sight of the day when poverty will be banished from the nation† (Dixon 1). The prescience of the end of poverty became known as the American Dream; however, this foresight was shortly lived. On Tuesday, March 26, 1929, the Hoover Administration saw the largest stock market crash of their administration to that date. Several months later brought Black Monday, the largest stock market crash in American history and the cardinal cause of the Great Depression. The Great Depression is one of the single most important events in the financial history of the United States and the world; the effects of and leading to the Great Depression lasted for several years. The Great Depression was an economic deficit with worldwide effects that began with the stock market crash of October 1929; the most profound effect of the Great Depression was the highest rate of unemployment in American history: banks, factories, and stores closed, leaving millions of Americans jobless with no money. We will write a custom essay sample on The Great Depression specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Great Depression specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Great Depression specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Without money, many Americans had to rely on either the government or donations from charities to be obtain food; as the depression continued, however, the Roosevelt administration created government agencies to aid in supplying Americans with food, relieving the effects of the Great Depression, preventing a catastrophic event like it from occurring again (Great Depression). The group of people most affected by the Great Depression and the events it instigated were the American stockholders; thousands of stockholders lost large sums of money due to the rapid decrease of stock values caused by the crash of Black Monday. Although this was a huge loss, predicting it was impossible; from 1925 to 1929, the average stock price of a common stock on the New York Stock Exchange more than doubled, causing many people to make large investments in the stock market in hope of making large profits. Even people who had no prior knowledge of the stock market or how it worked attempted to invest in anticipation of profits. Economists, such as Irving Fisher, assured stockholders that they were â€Å"dwelling on a permanently high plateau of prosperity (Dixon 1)†. This, along with the assurance of many other reporters and professionals, cause the popularity of being a stockholder to skyrocket: in 1920, there were only 29,609 stockholders; a mere ten years later, there were 70,950. Stockholders’ ignorance of how the stock market worked soon turned against the thousands of investors in America and spread throughout the rest of the United States, halting economic flow (Dixon 2). The Depression had a remarkable effect on the United States; however, the United States was not the only place to feel the consequences of the Great Depression: Canada was also profoundly affected (The Global Effects of the Great Depression 1). Previously, Canada’s economy relied on the export of grain and other raw materials. The people who exported these goods suffered huge losses after other countries increased tariffs on imported products. Following the closing of many Canadian companies, the unemployment rate in Canada rose from three percent in 1929 to twenty-three percent in 1933 (Great Depression). Other governments were affected by the Depression as well. As the Depression was at its zenith in 1933, the only country hit as hard as the United States was Germany (Garraty 182). Approximately six million individuals in Germany were left unemployed. Many aspects of German life led to these despondent times. Most prominent were the reparations Germany was still paying from World War I. Chaos arose in Germany after the war, causing hyperinflation in 1923; Germany was just recovering when the stock market crash hit (Effects on Germany 1). Another factor in the economic downturn was the German government. Germany suffered a series of poor leaders; the chancellors of 1932, as Herbert Hoover said, were unable to deal with the effects of the deepening Depression. On January 30, 1933, Adolf Hitler became the chancellor of Germany (Garraty 183). The leadership of Hitler, one of the key figures in the relief of the Great Depression both in Germany and worldwide, marked the foundation of the collapse of the Great Depression. The actions beginning in 1933 aimed at relieving the Great Depression in the United States and Germany had a major influence on other nations, particularly Great Britain (Garraty 214). Great Britain, unlike the United States, had a moribund economy prior to the stock market crash of October 1929 (Smitha 27); however, the British economy did not suffer a morbid crash, as did the economies of the United States and Germany (Effects on the United Kingdom 1). Britain did, however, suffer declines in both imports and exports during the Depression. In comparison to other thriving nations during the time of the Great Depression, the United Kingdom remained in a fairly stable economic condition (Effects on the United Kingdom 2). Unlike Great Britain, the Great Depression hit many other countries in Europe immeasurably. One of these unlucky countries was France, the last major nation of at that point in time to feel the effects of the Great Depression; the reason for the delayed impact on France was the undervaluation of the French Franc (Effects on France 1). France, as Great Britain, was impacted by the efforts of the United States to relieve the Depression (Garraty 214). Finally, in 1932, the Depression brutally found its way to France: the number of tourists dropped and exports of perfume fell, as did those of wine, food, and other items (Smitha 23). Even though the Depression hit France late, it came violently. Unemployment rose fifteen percent and industrial production dropped twenty-five percent from their levels in 1929. In hope of a change, Andre Tardieu was elected to run a new French government in 1932; he gained his popularity by aiming his campaign towards the threat of communism (Smitha 24). Like many other countries, France eventually overcame the Depression through involvement in World War II, which created jobs and caused money to begin circulating once again. The Great Depression also hit Italy, with its highly regarded corporate-fascist government led by Mussolini. The public saw the erratic policy changes Mussolini made as genius; however, these changes did not benefit the economy. Even though Italy’s contribution to world manufacturing was down almost three percent, it rose from the depression in 1934 (Smitha 26). The United States, like all countries, eventually emerged from the deficits of the Great Depression. At the forefront of this recovery was World War II: it increased manufacturing and created millions of jobs. In addition, aiding in the recovery were government agencies, such as the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA); the TVA was created in May 1933 to supervise the development of a 640,000 square mile area in the Tennessee Valley (Smitha 36). The Tennessee Valley was a region in which sharecroppers and farmers were malnourished and soils were useless for growing agricultural products. The TVA planned to help this region and restore a large amount of agricultural production to the United States (Smitha 36). Although there were many other agencies, such as the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), the Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA), and the Public Works Administration (WPA), most of them followed in the footsteps of the TVA: they were aimed at creating jobs while simultaneously either beautifying the United States or boosting the economy (Great Depression). The Great Depression heavily affected the United States and the world as a whole for several years. The Depression has taught governments around the world how to deal with economic problems in hope that it will not happen again. As Wecter Dixon stated, the stock market could be very profitable: If a man saves $15 a week, and invests in good common stocks, and allows the dividends and rights to accumulate, at the end of twenty years he will have at least $80,000 and an income from investments of around $400 a month. He will be rich. And because income can do that, I am firm in my belief that anyone can not only be rich, but ought to be rich (4). However, the stock market crash of October 1929 and the ensuing depression alerted stockholders to how volatile being involved in the stock market without knowledge could be. Even in the current recession, many world leaders are influenced by measures taken to end the Great Depression to revive economic conditions. Due to its tremendous effects in the United States and throughout the world, the Great Depression is known in history as a narrow escape from the downfall of the world economy. Hopefully, one day the world economy will be as rich and prosperous as the roaring 1920s, and America and the rest of the orld will be chasing the â€Å"American Dream† once again, barring another unforeseen event such as the Great Depression. Works Cited Dixon, Wecter. The Age of the Great Depression, 1929-1941. New York: Macmillian, 1952. Effects on France. 12 April 2009 http://www. thegreatdepression. co. uk/effects-on-france/. Effects on Germany. 12 April 2009 http://www. thegreatdepressi on. co. uk/effects-on-germany/. Effects on the United Kingdom. 12 April 2009 http://www. thegreatdepression. co. uk/effects-on-the- united-kingdom/. Garraty, John A. The Great Depression: An Inquiry into the Cause, Course, and Consequences of the Ninteen-Thirties as Seen by Contemporaries and in the Light of History. 1st Edition. Orlando: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Publishers, 1986. Great Depression. World Book Encyclopedia 2001: 338-43. Smitha, Frank E. The Great Depression, to 1935. 1998-2005. 11 April 2009 http://www. fsmitha. com/h2/ch15wd. html. The Global Effects of the Great Depression. 20 March 2008. 11 April 2009 http://recessionhistory. info/the-global-effects-of-the-great-depression/. the great depression Essay Example the great depression Paper The Great Depression ushered America into an era of social consciousness and liberal reform. In the decade of the 1930s, under Franklin Roosevelts New Deal, writers, artists, photographers, musicians, and performers were marshaled to create works which documented American life, sponsored by government programs such as the F.S.A. (Farm Security Administration) or the W.P.A. (Work Projects Administration). The Great Depression, in itself, had been a rude awakening from the escapism of the Roaring Twenties, so it was not surprising that realism would become the preferred style for creative artists. And what more realistic genre than the photograph? The 1930s and 1940s saw a golden age in photojournalism in America in which photographers such as Ben Shahn, Arthur Rothstein, Dorothea Lange, Margaret Bourke-White created visual corollaries to the writings of Erskine Caldwell (TOBACCO ROAD), John Steinbeck (THE GRAPES OF WRATH), and Archibald MacLeish (LAND OF THE FREE). Another highly resp ected photographer who had already been exhibited at the Museum of Modern Art in New York before he joined the F.S.A. was Walker Evans, whose master images have been preserved in two published volumes. Born in St. Louis, Missouri, November 3, 1903, Walker Evans graduated from the elite Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts, and studied at both Williams College and the Sorbonne before he began taking photographs in New York City. Walker Evans had a great affect on the society during the times of the depression. Evans was not one of those artists who was known for one particular work, he did many series which portrayed ideas and events and epochs in the American culture. Walker Evans is credited with creating a vision of life in the 1930s, as Americans would wish to see themselves: dignified and indomitable, even in the face of poverty and despair. He was a documentary photography pioneer whose portraits of the common man have earned him c